terça-feira, 3 de junho de 2008

Metamorfismo





Introdução
Metamorfismo
-Metamorfismo e a transformação de rochas existentes na crosta terrestre por acção de agentes de metamorfismo como calor, pressão e acções de difusão (metassomatose). O metamorfismo pode ser regional ou de contacto, o regional abrange extensas zonas da crosta terrestre e esta associado aos processos tectónicos relacionados com a formação de cadeias montanhosas, quer em zonas de colisão de placas continentais, quer em zonas de subducção e o de contacto está associado à instalação de massas magmáticas na crosta terrestre, criando nas rochas adjacentes à intrusão alterações mineralógicas e estruturais.

Objectivos
-Comentar sobre a formação das rochas metamorficas.
-Falar sobre a pressão e a temperatura.
-Mostrar a diversidade das rochas metamorficas.
-O que ocorre para a deformação das rochas.
-Quais os factores de metamorfismo.
-E os tipos de metamorfismo.

Desenvolvimento

-A formação das rochas metamorficas.
-A natureza de uma rocha metamórfica depende da rocha inicial e das condições da sua transformação. Assim, uma rocha sedimentar silicosa (arenito, radiolarito,etc.) é transformada em quartzito, rica em quartzo. Um calcário, rocha carbonatada,é transformado em mármore,rocha rica em calcite. A natureza e a dimensão dos minerais que são formados também dependem da intensidade do metamorfismo.



- A pressão e a temperatura.

-Quando as rochas estão sujeitas a condições de pressão e calor diferentes de sua formação, são transformadas e ficam metamorfisadas. Conservando geralmernte a composição quimica inicial, os minerais constituintes são substituídos por minerais novos, em equilibrio com as novas condições de pressão e temperatura, o que lhes dá um aspecto por vezes totalmente diferentes.

-Mostrar a diversidades das rochas metamorficas.

-As rochas metamorficas ao sofrerem os efeitos de pressão e temperatura se transformam exemplos temos a Ardósia que se origina do clorite, o Filito que se origina do moscovite, Micaxistose origina do biotite e a mica. Temos minerais caracteristicos do metamorfismo como: Granada, Andaluzite, Epídoto, Silimanite, Estaurolite, Cordierite. Quando os minerais são submetidos a pressão e temperaturas controladas o mineral se transforma em cada uma dessas rochas.

-O que ocorre para a deformação das rochas.

-A determinada condições termodinâmicas pode ocorrer a deformação das rochas o que corresponde uma fácies metamórfica, caracterizada por uma associação mineral constante para a composição química e condições termodinâmicas a que esta sujeita. A série de fácies metamórficas que caracteriza uma região depende da relação temperatura/pressão que reflecte o contexto geotectónico fazendo que ocorra ou não a deformação das rochas.

-Quais os factores de metamorfismo.

-Os factores de metamorfismo dependem das associações minerais das rochas metamórficas, por um lado, da composição inicial e, por outro, da pressão estatica e dinâmica, e calor que sobre ela e exercida. De maneira geral, o grau de metamorfismo aumenta com a profundidade, ou seja, com a pressão e calor ali desenvolvidos.

-Os tipos de metamorfismo.
-Os tipos de metamorfismo pode estar ligado as condições locais, por ex. o metamorfismo de contacto provocado pelo contacto com uma intrusão magmática. Ouro tipo de metamorfismo afecta vastas extensões da crosta terrestre, está relacionado com condicionamentos térmicos e mecânicos da orogénese (metamorfismo regional). A transformação das rochas e puramente mecânica ou traduz-se pela crisatalização de novos minerais, estáveis nas condições novas, que substituem os antigos. Daí resulta uma modificação na textura, por vezes acompanhada do desnvolvimento de xistosidade.Neste caso, em geral, a composição química original é conservada.

Conclusão

-Para a formação do planeta ocorreu grandes erupções transformações e o metamorfismo foi uma dessas que ocorreu no planeta. O metamorfismo que exerce nas rochas calor, pressão e transformações em minerais que antes não tinha tanto,valor origina minerais raros como quartzo, granada etc. Tais minerais são de grande necessidade para o nosso bem estar, nos proporcionando diversas utilidades para o nosso seu uso nas mais diversas áreas.

Bibliografia
Nova enciclopédia Larrousse 1994 círculo de leitores e larrousse para a primeira edição 2001 círculo de leitores,S.A e Larrousse VUEF para a primeira edição vol.15
Terra, Univeso de Vida. 2º parte geologia Porto editora. Autores Amparo dias da Silva, Fernanda Gramaxo, Maria Ermelinda Santos, Almira Fernandes Mesquita, Ludovina Baldaia, José Mário Félix.

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